Family Assessment and Substance Abuse Assignment

Family Assessment and Substance Abuse - Assignment Example Violence here can be physical, verbal, or sexual. This can be attributed to the impaired reasoning state that a person assumes after using drugs. Drugs have been known to interfere with one’s perception of things and so tend to think illogically and irrationally. Those who suffer here are spouses of drug addicts as well as their children. In addition to this, the physical state of drug addicts is also affected. Psychologically, drug addicts are affected, as they appear mentally deranged (Thombs et. al., 1997. Their thinking and reasoning is impaired, and as a result, their decisions affect their families. The resultant effect of drug abuse in a family includes denial and keeping of that issue secretive. As a result, the family makes changes in the ways it deals with the substance abuse problem. Some of the rules that have been documented to exist in families where substance abuse is an issue include; all family members are encouraged not to feel the painful effects that drug u se cause a family member to do. These changes include emotional and behavioral changes. Children and spouses affected here do not talk about or express their emotions in public, but in case this happens, the reaction is always violent and abusive. In such families, there is lack of trust since many promises made are always cancelled or forgotten. This erodes the trust of family members, especially children who grow up with this notion. If anyone abuses drugs while expectant, then there are chances that they will give birth to babies with low birth weight. In addition to this, babies born by addictive mothers suffer from withdrawal syndrome soon after birth or acquire fetal alcohol syndrome. Substance abuse... This essay stresses that organizations that are responsible for drug trafficking should be dismantled and their leaders arrested and prosecuted in international courts. However, this method has not been effective as much, probably due to the high rate of corruption and presence of rogue law enforcers and top government officials who benefit from drug sales. Also, fundamental is the enhancement of policies that will control the sale of prescription drugs so that they are not abused. The government has put in place some acts and legislations that are aimed at controlling the vice. For example, the Drug abuse Control amendments of 1965. This was formed to act as a modification of the Food, drug, and cosmetics act. Through this act, some drugs were labeled as stimulants, depressants, hallucinogens, required licenses, and control in terms of distribution and sales. The bureau of narcotics and dangerous drugs was also formed, and handles control of marijuana and narcotics, as well as other drugs. Finally yet importantly in control of substance abuse and addiction is the online counseling services that help drug users. This paper makes a conclusion that substance abuse is without a doubt a major problem that has affected all and sundry in the world, be it directly or indirectly. Even though there are measures in place to curb this problem, it is evident that a lot more has to be done if total eradication is to be achieved. This will bring normalcy to families and the society as whole.

Why did Operation Barbarossa Fail?

Why did Operation Barbarossa Fail? Before Operation Barbarossa was launched, Hitler and Germany have great success on invasion and battles, except Battle of Britain. Hitler invaded Poland in 1931, attacked Belgium, France, and Holland, battle with Britain. But when he comes to invading Soviet Union, the operation was the beginning of Hitler’s downfall. Operation Barbarossa is a code name for German’s invasion of USSR. That operation was launch on June 22, 1941, and because it was launched at that time, Germany has to deal with one of the biggest problem when they were invading Soviet Union winter. It was the largest military attack in World War Two. Operation Barbarossa was the turning point of World War Two, and reason why is because the invasion of Soviet Union is one of the biggest mistakes Hitler makes in World War Two. The idea of invading Soviet Union is not the problem, but the way Hitler did it. Operation Barbarossa failed because Germany used weak military forces, had poor logistics and plannin g, and failed to win the Battle of Stalingrad, which is one of the main battles in Operation Barbarossa. First of all, Germany has weak army and military forces. Their condition, military forces, army were weaker than Red army. One of the main problems is the winter in Russia. German’s army and military forces can’t handle the winter in Russia. â€Å"The German tanks had narrow treads with little traction and poor flotation in mud. In contrast, the new generation of Soviet tanks such as the T-34 and KV had wider tracks and were far more mobile in these conditions.† (Operation Barbarossa) According to the information above, Soviet Union has more reliable and improved vehicles than Germany’s. Their military forces such as tanks were not good as Soviet Union’s. They were also not prepared for the weather and Soviet Union’s poor road network, even reaching to certain destination was also hard for them. â€Å"Consequently, the troops were not equipped with adequate cold-weather gear, and some soldiers had to pack newspapers into their jackets to sta y warm while temperatures dropped to record levels of at least -30  °C (-22  °F). To operate furnaces and heaters, the Germans also burned precious fuel that was difficult to re-supply.† (Operation Barbarossa) Besides transportation problem caused by the winter, German’s army were also affected by the winter. Their equipment and gears were not fit for the weather. For example, they have to burn fuel, which is a very important supplies and very hard to get, to keep them warm. On the other hand, Soviet Union’s troops have warmer clothing. Their vehicles such as aircraft also weren’t in a good condition, because sometimes fuel will freezes and soldiers will have to took time to fixed it, otherwise those vehicles can not be used. Lubricants for vehicles were also useless as well in such a cold weather in Russia. These supplies such as lubricants, oil, fuel, were extremely important, because these supplies keep German’s military forces such as guns, vehicles in action and a good condition. Second reasons were German’s poor logistics and planning strategy. One of the reasons is because Germany was way too confidents, they’ve over underestimated Soviet Union. That leads to unrealistic, poor strategy and logistics. â€Å"The invasion had three main objectives. Army Group Center, consisting of 1.3 million troops, 2,600 tanks and 7,800 artillery pieces, mounted a massive drive on Moscow. Meanwhile, Army Group North, consisting of 700,000 troops, 770 tanks and 4,000 artillery pieces.† (Erik Sass, Operation Barbarossa: The Biggest Military Adventure in History) Hitler uses the strategy called â€Å"blitzkrieg†, or â€Å"lightning war†. This is the same strategy Hitler use to defeat France and Poland, but this doesn’t work on Soviet Union. Soviet Union was also surprised by this invasion, due to Stalin’s belief Germany won’t attack it’s own allied, especially after signing the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact. Due to the di fficulty of getting fuel for supplies, Germany sometimes has not enough fuel to reach to the destination. Their army doesn’t have enough ammunition and other supplies as well. Food was never important to Hitler. Because it is hard to get supplies while in the frontline of battlefield or marching toward the heartland of Russia, Hitler has to choose between food, ammunition, and warm clothes, Hitler mostly choose ammunition instead of others. â€Å"Commanders in the field relied on foraging local livestock to feed the soldiers and this continued until such time when shortages resulted in troops eating their units horses.† (MAJ Loganathan, Failure Of Logistics In â€Å"Operation Barbarossa† And Its Relevance Today) By September 1941, Germany was winning and the invasion was successful so far. They have already conquered Kiev and Odessa, and pushing forward to Leningrad and Moscow. â€Å"By December 1941, the combined German armies had killed 360,000 Soviet soldier s, wounded one million, and captured two million more, for total Red Army losses of around 3.4 million by the end of the year. In six months, German troops and their allies advanced up to 600 miles and occupied over 500,000 square miles of Soviet territory, home to 75 million people.† (Erik Sass, Operation Barbarossa: The Biggest Military Adventure in History) Finally, Germany lost the battle of Stalingrad, which is the turning point of this operation. Before this battle, Hitler was mostly success in this invasion. â€Å"Russians consider it to be the greatest battle of their Great Patriotic War, and most historians consider it to be the greatest battle of the entire conflict.† (Battle of Stalingrad) The Battle of Stalingrad was started at 17 July 1942, in this battle Soviet Union successfully defend the city of Stalingrad. One of the reasons why Stalingrad is important is that it was Russia’s main communication center in the south. German’s commander was General Paulus, and his main goal was to secure the oil field in Caucasus, on the other hand, Russia would try not to let Germany secure the oil field. German’s army had to deal with and handle the winter in Russia while fighting with Soviet Union. That makes Germany harder to defeat their enemies. Zhukov, Russian commander, used strategy to go around the city and trap German’s army. At this point, Hitler still refused to give up, and commanded General Paulus to hold their ground. â€Å"Hitler ordered that Paulus should fight to the last bullet, and to encourage Paulus, he promoted him to field marshal. However, by the end of January 1943, the Germans could do nothing else but surrender. Paulus surrendered the army in the southern sector on January 31st while General Schreck surrendered the northern group on February 2nd, 1943.† (Battle of Stalingrad) 91,000 soldiers were taken as prisoners and about 150,000 men were lost. That’s a huge lost for Germany and their military had been weaken since then. In conclusion, Operation Barbarossa was one of the greatest mistakes Hitler had made. It was the turning point of World War Two. Operation Barbarossa failed because Germany used weak military forces, had poor logistics and planning, and failed to win the Battle of Stalingrad, which is one of the main battles in Operation Barbarossa. The major problem that leads to the failure of this operation was the winter in Russia. That cause many major and minor problems such as weaker military forces, poor transportation. Russian army also has better equipment, gears, vehicles that suit the situation more. Second is that Germany has poor logistics and planning strategy. Germany has over underestimated Soviet Union, and their army, supplies were too confident. That leads to unrealistic, poor strategy and logistics. Finally, Germany lost the Battle of Stalingrad, which is a important major battle in Operation Barbarossa. German’s army was surrounded and Hitler makes the wrong call. Works Cited â€Å"Operation Barbarossa†. New World Encyclopedia. Web. 12 May 2015. MLJ Loganathan. â€Å"Failure Of Logistics In â€Å"Operation Barbarossa† And It’s Relevance Day†. mindef. gov. sg. Web. 12 May 2015. â€Å"Battle of Stalingrad†. History.com. A+E Networks. 2009. Web. 12 May 2015. Erik Sass. â€Å"Operation Barbarossa: The Biggest Military Adventure in History†. Mental_floss. Web. 12 May 2015. Chris Trueman. â€Å"The Battle of Stalingrad†. History Learning Site. 2014. Web. 12 May 2015. Professor Richard Overy. â€Å"The Soviet-German War 1941-1945†. BBC. Web. 12 May 2015. Kennedy Hickman. â€Å"World War II: Battle of Stalingrad†. about education. Web. 12 May 2015.

Chaucers Canterbury Tales :: essays research papers fc

The Canterbury Tales is a great assortment of stories written by Geoffrey Chaucer. Each individual story is told by a pilgrim from the voyage to Canterbury. â€Å"The Prioress’ Tale† was a Miracle of the Virgin story, told by the Prioress. Another tale is â€Å"The Nun’s Priest’s Tale† which is a Beast Fable. Then there is â€Å"The Pardoner’s Tale†, which is an Exemplum. The genres of The Canterbury Tales help shape the entire story.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In â€Å"The Prioress’ Tale†, the Virgin Mary, Mother of Jesus, miraculously aids a follower in the time of need, which is also known as a Miracle of the Virgin tale. A few quotes from the tale support this, one is the following: â€Å"Where he lay face upright with throat slit, began to sing ‘Alma Redemptoris’ so loud, that all the place began to ring† (Chaucer 291). The little boy’s throat had been slit, but since the Virgin Mary had placed the grain on his tongue, he was still able to sing until the grain was taken away. Since the story shows the miracles that can happen when a follower is in the time of need, and how the Virgin Mary guides the follower, it proves that â€Å"The Prioress’ Tale† is a Miracle of the Virgin.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  An Allegory â€Å"is the representation of ideas or moral principles by means of symbolic characters, events, or objects† (Stein 150). The little boy in the story is compared to Jesus, the son of the Virgin Mary. Throughout â€Å"The Prioress’ Tale,† she tells of the Jews and uses a allegory, and compares Jesus’ death to the little boy’s. â€Å"My throat is cut to my neck-bone,† said this child, â€Å"and according to nature, I should have died, yes, a long while ago; But Jesus Christ, as you find in books, wills that His glory endure and be remembered; and, for the majesty of His Mother dear, yet may I sing ‘o Alma’ loud and clear† (Chaucer 294).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Nun’s Priest’s Tale† is a Beast Fable, or when â€Å"animals are given human qualities and are involved in clever tales that preach a moral lesson† (The Center for Learning 31). In the tale, Chanticleer is a rooster who is given human characteristics. He talks throughout the story, showing his human like features. â€Å"Here men may see that dreams are to be feared† (Chaucer 316). The entire tale tells the story of Chanticleer and his seven wives.

Etta James Essay

Born as Jamesetta Hawkins January 20, 1938 in Los Angeles, California music legend Etta James came into this world. Etta’s mother Dorothy Hawkins was only 14 at the time she had Etta which was a factor of the young girl being moved around to foster homes multiple times. She never knew her dad and when vocal coach James Earl Hines took her in to sing at the church and teach her, he would sometimes get Etta out of bed and beat her to force her to sing for people. This is looked at to be the reason Etta never liked singing on demand. Etta moved to San Francisco where she created her first musical group named The Creolettes at the age of 14. Multitalented Johnny Otis found the girls one day singing at a nightclub and took the girls under his wing. Otis changed the Creolettes name to The Peaches, signed them to Modern Records, and changed Etta’s stage name from her birth name Jamesetta Hawkins to Etta James. Etta was a very spunky girl with an enormous attitude. When Georgina Gibbs covered James’ single â€Å"Dance with me, Henry† and it reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 Etta was very angered. A similar incident happened when Beyonce Knowles, who portrayed Etta James in the 2008 movie Cadillac Records, performed James’ single â€Å"At Last† at the 2009 presidential inauguration ball. Etta expressed her distaste and anger at this at a Seattle concert. After James’ time with Modern Records ended in 1960 she then signed onto the Chess label Argo where she recorded her debut album At Last! Where her signature hit â€Å"At Last† was featured on. An interesting thing about her most popular song â€Å"At Last† that few people are aware of is that it was actually not her most rewarded piece of work. Etta James faced many obstacles throughout her life from being a foster child, facing a heroin addiction, and sadly suffering from Alzheimer’s and leukemia which eventually led to her death on January 20, 2012. Etta’s heroin addiction took a big toll on her career as she was in and out of rehabilitation centers during the early 1970’s. She avoided prison time when her husband and she were caught in possession of heroin and he took the fall having to serve a 10 year prison sentence. Etta was then forced to stay at the Tarzana psychiatric center for 17 months. Unfortunately her addiction was not conquered and she continued to battle it until she died. Etta James success was only later recognized in the early 2000’s where she was inducted into the Blues Hall of Fame and the Rockabilly Hall of Fame. In 2003 Etta was awarded the Grammy Lifetime Achievement award and soon came out with a new album â€Å"Blue Gardenia† in 2004. Her second to last album â€Å"Let’s Roll† was released in 2005 and won her the Grammy for Best contemporary blues album. In May, 2009 at age 71 Etta James was awarded the Soul/Blues Female Artist of the Year award from the Blues Foundation for the ninth time! The very next year while she was touring, she was forced to cancel many of her shows due to her gradually failing health after it was revealed that she was suffering from Dementia and Leukemia. Etta released her final album in November 2011, which was critically acclaimed and soon after died two months later. After listening to the song â€Å"I’d Rather go Blind† you can’t help but have an appreciation for Etta. You can sense the despair in her voice like she really does not want that man to leave her. I love the way it crescendo’s or builds up the emotion throughout the song. I also love the song â€Å"I just want to make love to you.† The way she goes into her gravelly voice is really unique.

Dental Hygiene Research Essay

I.Introduction- Dental hygienists can be found in a variety of workplace settings, but Usually they work in private dental offices. II.1st body paragraph Overview – What exactly does a Dental Hygienist do and why is it important? A.1st Paragraph Supporting Details – They remove hard and soft deposits on teeth Take and develop x-rays, make impressions for casts†¦ B.1st Paragraph Supporting Details – Teach patients proper technique and strategies for good overall oral health. C.The American Heart Association researchers shared findings that professional dental care can reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke. D.1st Paragraph Supporting Details – Other similar jobs are Dentist and Dental assistant. III.2nd body paragraph Overview – Specific requirements and education needed to become a dental hygienist. A.2nd Paragraph Supporting Details– Each state has its own educational requirements. B.2nd Paragraph Supporting Details–A minimum of an associate’s degree in dental hygiene is needed to enter the occupation. C.Majority of college programs take at least 2 years to complete. D.A bachelors or master’s degree is required for teaching, research, or practice in public or school health programs. E.Areas of study are anatomy, physiology, radiography, and periodontology. IV.3rd body paragraph Overview – Advantages and disadvantages of the dental hygiene profession. A.3rd Paragraph Supporting Details- Personal satisfaction from helping all types of people. B.3rd Paragraph Supporting Details– Because of education and training, they are valuable members of the oral healthcare team. C.3rd Paragraph Supporting Details– Flexible scheduling. Full-time and part-time options are usually available. More than half of dental hygienists work part time allowing them to sometimes work for more than one employer. D.3rd Paragraph Supporting Details– Great demand for dental hygienists so employment opportunities are going to be available well into the future. V.Conclusion – While cleaning teeth is one of the skills a dental hygienist has been trained to do, it’s only one of the many

Philips TVs Popularity

Philips TVs Popularity Introduction Television sets are some of the most popular household gadgets in the US today. This article discusses TVs and in particular examines TV usage, brand preferences, and purchase trends.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Philips TVs Popularity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Product Usage According to statistics, a third of the American households have four or more TV sets. Those who own at least one set are approximated to be 290 million. In every ten Americans, eight are reported to spend a good amount of time viewing television programs. Specifically, it has been shown that people spend averagely 35 hours watching using TV screens on a weekly basis. On a daily basis, averagely 5 hours are dedicated to TV programs. More than three fifths of those owning Philips Smart TVs spend some time everyday watching something on their screens (Price, 2012). The table below shows finer details on the amount of time spe nt daily watching TV programs by people of different races. Table 1 (Statistic Brain, 2012) Race Time Caucasian 5 hours daily Black 7 hours daily White 5 hours daily Hispanic 4 hours daily Asian 3 hours daily Brand Preferences It has been shown that most consumers prefer the 32-inch TV sets. These particular sets are said to be of the most appropriate size for most homes. Larger sets are said to fit inappropriately as they require bigger spaces. Among the top ten ranked 32-inch TVs is the Phillips 32PFL6007T. This set is gorgeous in appearance. Among its fascinating features are â€Å"a unique ambilight system, a passive 3D playback, two-player full screen gaming, multimedia playback via USB, and connection to both networked PCs and Phillips’s Smart TV service via LAN or built in Wi-Fi† (Rivington, 2012, p. 1).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn Mor e Purchase Intention Basically, consumers buy TVs for the purpose of being entertained. By being entertained, they also get educated through the programs that they watch. As already noted above, a number of US households have more than one TV set. The different sets serve different purposes. The main set and the most significant is the one that serves the general needs of the family members and is located in the living room. In most cases, this is usually the best set. Another set is likely to be in the main bedroom. This may be used for late night viewing by the couple of the house. Another set may be in the kids room for the purpose of playing video games and finally, another one may be placed in the guest room. In affluent homes, some TV sets may be placed by the swimming pool side for outside entertainment. Purchase Experience Consumers consider a number of factors in choosing which set to buy. The biggest of these factors is their budget. The amount of money one has wil l almost be the ultimate determinant of which TV set to buy. TVs’ costs are in the range of hundreds to thousands of dollars. Another factor mostly considered is whether a TV is a plasma or LCD. LCD and plasma have some advantages over each other. For instance, plasmas give the best quality of pictures but are not the best for brightly lit rooms. On the other hand, LCDs are more effective in brightly lit rooms. Plasmas are available in large screen sizes while LCDs are available in small screen sizes. The distance from the watching point to the where the TV screen is also determines the size of screen to be bought. To determine the correct screen size for use, this formula is used: Screen size = Distance * 0.535. Lastly, the screen resolution also matters as most consumers prefer 1080p so that they can get the best quality of images (Tech Radar, 2013). Among the best places to buy a TV set is Best Buy. Conclusion TVs are popular household items. Most households have more tha n one set of TV and most of the TVs bought are 32-inch sets. There are many factors considered when buying a TV but the most significant is the price of the TV. References Price, G. (2012). Statistics: Consumer Media Usage Across TV, Online, Mobile and Social. Info Docket. Web.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Philips TVs Popularity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Rivington, J. (2012). 10 best 32-inch TVs in the world today. Tech Radar. Web. Statistic Brain. (2012). Television Watching Statistics. Statistic Brain. Web. Tech Radar. (2013). Best TV 2013: what TV should you buy this year?. Tech Radar. Web.

How and When to Use Roman Numerals

How and When to Use Roman Numerals How and When to Use Roman Numerals What did the Romans ever do for us? Well, among other things, they gave us a way of writing numbers. These are known as Roman numerals, and chances are you’ve seen them used even if you’re not sure how they work. Join us, then, for a quick look at how to use Roman numerals correctly. How to Use Roman Numerals When we think of numbers, we usually think of Hindu–Arabic numerals. These are the symbols 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. The Romans, however, used letters to represent numbers: Numeral I V X L C D M Value 1 5 10 50 100 500 1000 These symbols can be combined to create new numbers. This partly works by adding numerals until you reach the required value. For instance: V (5) + I (1) = VI (6) L (50) + X (10) = LX (60) M (1000) + L (50) + X (10) + V (5) + I (1) = (1066) However, if a number requires using the same symbol four times in a row, you subtract from the next highest value instead. We indicate this by placing the smaller numeral in front of the larger one. I before V or X subtracts 1 (e.g., IV = 4) X before L or C subtracts 10 (e.g., XL = 40) C before D or M subtracts 100 (e.g., CM = 900) This system works for numbers up to 3,999. However, you can also modify the numerals above for larger values. This involves placing a line over them to show that you’re dealing with thousands. As such, 4,000 would be written as â€Å"IV† with a line above the numerals. You can see some examples below. Large Roman numerals. When to Use Roman Numerals Roman numerals are rare these days, but they are still used for: Chapter/section numbers in books and plays Page numbers for introductory material in a book Numbering items in a list Indicating the year of production for movies and TV shows Titles of film or game sequels Editions of long-running sporting events The titles of monarchs Numbers on some clocks and watches This isn’t a complete list, but it does cover some places you’re likely to see Roman numerals in everyday life. If you’d like any help checking that you’ve used numerals correctly in your writing, get in touch for all your proofreading needs! Summary: How Do Roman Numerals Work? Roman numerals use letters to represent numbers. In addition: The basic numerals can be combined to create new values. This involves adding numerals (e.g., â€Å"V† is 5 and â€Å"I† is 1, so â€Å"VI† is 6). However, if a number requires using the same numeral four times in a row, subtract from the next highest value instead (e.g., â€Å"IV† is 4). Typically, Roman numerals are only used for introductory pages or chapter numbers in a book; however, they’re also used for things like years of production in television and titles of movie sequels.

CLEVELAND Surname Meaning and Origin

CLEVELAND Surname Meaning and Origin The Cleveland surname most commonly originated as  a name for someone who came from the district of Cleveland in Yorkshire, England, a corruption of cliff lane, which described  the steep, hilly terrain of the region, from the Old English clif, meaning bank, slope and land, meaning land. According to the Dictionary of American Family Names, the Cleveland surname may also have originated in some families as an  Americanized spelling of the Norwegian surnames Kleiveland or Kleveland, habitational names from several farmsteads in Agder and Vestlandet, from the Old Norse kleif, meaning rocky ascent and  land,  meaning land. Surname Origin: English Alternate Surname Spellings: CLEAVELAND, CLEVLAND, CLIEVLAND, CLIVELAND Where in the World Is the CLEVELAND Surname Found? While it originated in England, the Cleveland surname is now most prevalent in the United States, according to surname distribution data from Forebears. Within the British Isles, at the turn of the 20th century, Cleveland was most common in Suffolk, England, followed by Gloucestershire, Wiltshire, Kent, Hampshire, Sussex, and Surrey. WorldNames PublicProfiler  also has the Cleveland surname as most commonly found in the United States, with the greatest numbers of people with this last name found in Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, and Alaska. Famous People With the Last Name CLEVELAND Grover Cleveland - the 22nd and 24th president of the United StatesMoses Cleaveland - the progenitor of the famous Cleaveland whaling family of Marthas Vineyard and Nantucket in MassachusettsBenjamin Cleveland - American Revolutionary War patriot, best known  for his role in the American victory at the Battle of Kings Mountain.Dick Cleveland - American swimmer, winner of three Pan American Games and a former world record-holder.  Carol Cleveland -  British actress and comedian, best known  for her appearances on Monty Pythons Flying Circus. Genealogy Resources for the Surname CLEVELAND The Genealogy of the Cleveland and Cleaveland FamiliesThis three-volume set  published by Edmund Janes Cleveland in 1899 attempts to track in both the male and female lines, the posterity of Moses Cleveland of Ipswich, Suffolk County, England and Woburn, Middlesex County, Massachusetts. See also Vol. II and Vol. III. Free on Internet Archive. The Cleveland DNA ProjectThe Cleveland DNA Project is open to all  families with this surname, of all spelling variations, and from all locations. The group is working to  correlate test results and paternal pedigrees so that each family can identify their genetic heritage and  related Cleveland families. Common English Surnames: Meanings and OriginsLearn about the four types of English surnames, plus explore the meaning and origin of the 100 most common English last names. Cleveland Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Cleveland family crest or coat of arms for the Cleveland surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male-line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. FamilySearch - CLEVELAND GenealogyExplore over 500,000 historical records and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Cleveland surname and its variations on the free FamilySearch website, hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. CLEVELAND Surname Family Mailing ListsRootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Cleveland  surname. DistantCousin.com - CLEVELAND  Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Cleveland. CLEVELAND Genealogy ForumSearch the archives for posts about Cleveland ancestors, or post your own Cleveland query. The Cleveland Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the popular last name Cleveland from the website of Genealogy Today.- References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967.Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998.Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003.Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003.Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997.Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Proposel Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Proposel - Research Proposal Example Similar powers that attract people to gather in the bigger city expanses also lead to sometimes-unbearable heights of traffic congestion on city streets and main roads. Operational city governance needs vigilant harmonizing between the profits of populace increase and disadvantages of extreme overcrowding. In general, highway traffic jamming points a challenge for all big and emerging city regions. There is apparent proof in developed nations of an increasing movement for children to be driven to and from school in private motor vehicles, at the cost of other means, including biking, walking as well as communal transport. From studies, congestion takes on a significant number of faces, and it happens in various different settings caused by varied processes. Nevertheless, there are various issues that congestion administration policies should put into consideration in case they intend to achieve the goals and objectives they put in place. The main purpose or objective of this research proposal is to discuss in details the issue concerning how to improve the quality of city roads. In addition, the research has the objective of providing a proposal on how to deal with traffic accidents and traffic congestions as well. Scope of the Study The research proposal aims at exploring ways of improving city roads quality to cab accidents and in the same way ease congestion. Literature Review According to research, city traffic accidents and traffic congestion has to be comprehended in the bigger setting of city changing aspects and accumulation advantages (Mayhew and Simpson, 2002). Traffic congestion in city areas is frequently the result of successful city economic establishment, employment, housing, as well as guidelines that make individuals desire to live and work relatively close to each other and fascinate organizations to profit from profits in productivity thus derived. Although city people may not be thrilled by the prospect, they are prepared to cope up with the problem of congested roads so long as they benefit in other ways by living and working in their cities. Research further shows that congestion inhibits people from moving without restrictions, and it decelerates and otherwise interrupts the manner of business within city areas. Nevertheless, it is essential to note that unconstrained shift is not the basic profit people derive from living in cities. This is because towns offer access to a broader variety of activities, services, products, notions as well as systems. Research reveals further that road accidents and traffic congestion cause a problem on society, and it is thus vital for transport policy makers to reduce their consequences. An ideal I cadence would be that traffic congestion and accidents are condensed instantaneously. Nevertheless, this may not be easy because it has been ventured that amplified traffic congestion may be profitable in terms of road welfare (Murray, 2003). This is based on the ground that there would be scarcer terminal accidents and accidents that happened would lean towards being less austere. This is because of the small, average speediness resulting from traffic congestion. Researchers thus declares the significance of having a full comprehension concerning the association amid traffic congestion and road accidents while controlling other attributes influencing road traffic accidents. Conversely, the affiliation between traffic congestion

Malaria Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Malaria - Research Paper Example For the female Anopheles mosquito to live and reproduce it must first consume blood meals, which provides the link between human beings and the mosquito genus’s life cycle. There are several vital factors that support the development of the malaria parasite in the mosquito from the "gametocyte" to the "sporozoite stage† stage. Mosquito’s Life Cycle These factors are humidity and temperature, which are directly proportional to the parasites’ rate of growth into adult mosquito. The female anopheles mosquito undergoes the four life cycle stages of egg, larva, pupa, and adult with the first three stages lasting between 5 and 15 days, varying from one mosquito species to another. It is in its adult stage, which lasts between 1 week and 1 month that the female anopheles mosquito acts a malarial vector (Fairhurst & Wellems, 2009). It lays between 50 and 200 eggs on water surfaces, which hatch after 2-3 days into the larvae stage in which the head, spiracles-for br eathing, larvae thorax, segmented abdomen, and mouth brushes for feeding are developed. At the pupae stage, which could last between 5 and 14 days, the head and the thorax merge to form the cephalothorax as the abdomen curves around underside. The adult stage is characterized by slender bodies composed of head, thorax and abdomen. Epidemiology According to the World Health Organization (WHO), of the 216 million reported cases of malaria in 2010, 655,000 deaths were reported, implying 2000 deaths due to malaria every day. Reportedly, most of the reported cases affected children of five years and below in age (Shah, 2010). The other vulnerable group is pregnant women with about 125 million pregnant women reported to be at risk of infection each year. Regionally, sub-Saharan Africa is the most affected by malaria in general and maternal malaria in particular, the latter resulting in an estimated 200,000 infant deaths every year (Shah, 2010). Although no efforts have been spared in erad icating and treating malaria in the last two decades, little has been achieved in reducing its risks and effects. This situation is made worse by the fact that malaria cases in the remotest parts of the world are not reported or treated as would have been expected. In accessibility and unavailability of health care facilities and information are specifically to blame for the negative effects of malaria and the lack of documentation of many cases of malaria from all over the world (Shah, 2010). Signs, Symptoms, Tests, and Diagnosis of Malaria The well known signs and symptoms of malaria are as caused by the release of merozoites into the bloodstream and the anemia, which results from the destruction of the red blood cells. Besides the female anopheles mosquito, mother-to-baby transmission and blood transfusion are the other mechanisms by which malaria could be transmitted (Fairhurst & Wellems, 2009). As mentioned earlier some of the signs and symptoms of malaria are anemia, bloody st ools, convulsion, muscle pain, nausea, chills, coma, sweating, fever, headache, jaundice, and vomiting. The diagnosis of malaria is a rather crucial step in its treatment hence should be highly regarded by patients and physicians. In medical examinations, enlarged liver and spleen could indicate the presence of malaria. However, confirmation using malaria blood smear at 6-12 hour intervals is highly recommended. To confirm the presence of m

American Revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

American Revolution - Essay Example The British policies caused divisions in the American colonist’s faction since they did not know which step of action to take. The French and the British were the main forces in contention for the American territory and thus, fought a series of wars with the final war being the French and Indian wars or the seven years’ war. It was called the seven years’ war since the French hand garnered support of two Indian tribes, the Huron and the Algonquian, who fought against the British supporting Iroquois. Before this, however, it was assumed that the war would last longer than earlier anticipated and thus, the Albany Congress was organized under the encouragement of Britain. The main agenda for the congress was to keep the Iroquois tribe loyal to the British. This was achieved by keeping the Iroquois tribe at the heart of matters during the congress, discussing issues that affected both them and the British colonists. The Albany plan became unpopular and unaccepted sin ce the colonists had their self-interests at heart and did not want to secede control and power to the provincial congress(Alden, pp. 25-30). What were some of the events or ideas that led to the American war of independence? The main reason for the war of independence was the attempt by British colonists to gain and tighten control of the American economy by regulating American trade and industries in order to suit Britain’s interests. This was enforced in the imposition of taxes on goods and services as well as the movement of people and these goods from one region to another. Also, English trade and navigation acts only allowed transit of goods shipped from America in English ships. Britain, thus, monopolized travel which did not settle well with Indian and British colonists. All of this was aimed at reimbursement of Britain’s money that had been spent during the war. The only reason the British had emerged victorious was that their treasury had outlasted that of the French. This

Criminal Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Criminal Law - Essay Example The evidence for these facts is that she has told the officer that she has been robbed and he was wearing dark t-shirt and white pants, which was a lie. According to 30 USC 941- sec 941 ,the lady will be fined for $ 1000 for false statement and she will be convicted and will be given imprisonment for not less than 1 year or both. The Second crime-The second evident crime in this scenario is that the man who was being stopped by the police officer Jones was a criminal. He also did not stopped at first call of the police officer which was a crime .The man was carrying drugs as cocaine was a serious drug and possession of it is against law.. The evidence for this claim is that the police officer found a bulge in the rear side of the person and on checking it was found to be cocaine and a cell phone hidden. As per (Find Law,2013) â€Å" Simple drug possession sentences tend to be the lightest, while intent to distribute drugs or the cultivation/manufacturing of drugs carry much heavier penalties†.According to section 844, the possession of drug is considered as a felony and the punishment can vary from small fine to imprisonment for years. It depends on the intensity of the crime. The third crime The third crime in this case is that the lady was abused by her husband. As a matter of fact physically abusing a person by another person is a criminal act. Especially, when the physical abuse is performed by the spouse then the act takes a serious criminal course.. An act of torturing and assaulting a woman is a serious criminal and legal issue and can cause legal action on the husband of the woman. According to (Madison,2013) â€Å"Felony domestic violence is a type of criminal charge. When a person is charged with domestic violence, it means he or she is accused of behaving violently toward family members or people who live with him or her†. The evidence for this instance is that upon investigation the lady revealed that she lied to protect her husband fr om arrest and she was abused by him. Under section 922(g)(20 The domestic violence is a felony and a federal crime and penalties to the bodily injury can apply and also the convict can be given imprisonment for 5 years. The Forth crimeThe forth crime is done by the police officer as he did mistake in identifying the robber and shot him instantaneously. This was a false action and a crime. A police officer does have a right to shoot but it cannot be in such cases where the culprit is almost at the reach of a police officer. The police officer cannot shoot a person or a culprit unless he is in a dire or a threatening situation. Here the culprit did not show any arm or weapon to the police officer jones so it is a crime from the police officer side to shoot the person immediately without a confined reason. According to (Olson,2013) ‘It is a mistake to   think because police are trained in firearm use, they are less likely to kill innocent bystanders†. The evidence for thi s fact that is that the person was shot on shoulder and was taken to hospital. According to The police officer will be given suspension for shooting the person without solid reason. The civil action -Here in this case the possible civil action that can be taken is to protect the health and life of the person who was shot by the police officer. Even though the person was a drug dealer and a criminal, the law authority has every right to protect his civil right which is protection of his life

Criminal Justice Management and Administration Research Paper

Criminal Justice Management and Administration - Research Paper Example The intention of this study is criminal justice management as the supervision and oversight of the system that is mandated to serve justice to criminal cases. The criminal justice system includes line officers, court officials, investigation officers, parole officials, investigators and administrators. In the administration, the criminal justice system is also designed in unique managerial positions. These positions range from a police chiefs to national intelligence bodies. It is structured in such a manner that information flow is facilitated to move freely and with a definite course of action. Through the flow various decisions are made at respective levels to facilitate a quick serving of justice and the avoidance of justice delayed-justice denied situation. This study is going to focus on the historical and theoretical development of ethical organizational management in the system, a summary of the most common functions and positions in various criminal justice organizations and then an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses in different methods of organizing criminal justice organizations. Management as whole is both diverse and multi-faceted. This is so because its principles apply from the corporate world to government is to the states criminal management justice system. Over the years, there has been a wide array of developments that have shaped the ethical management of the criminal justice system. This includes changes of approaches, perceptions and laws that the top brass have employed in making the criminal justice system one of the best in the country agrees. ... us on the historical and theoretical development of ethical organizational management in the system, a summary of the most common functions and positions in various criminal justice organizations and then an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses in different methods of organizing criminal justice organizations. Historical and Theoretical Development of Ethical Organizational Management Management as whole is both diverse and multi-faceted. This is so because its principles apply from the corporate world to government is to the states criminal management justice system. Over the years, there has been a wide array of developments that have shaped the ethical management of the criminal justice system. This includes changes of approaches, perceptions and laws that the top brass have employed in making the criminal justice system one of the best in the country as Lawrence, (1993) agrees. There have also been historical and theoretical developments in the ethics in the organizationâ⠂¬â„¢s management system which this section is going to focus on. Basically, the ethics in organization is the moral approach to the practices and conduct of all the people involved in that kind of business. This also is relevant in the criminal justice system where despite the levels of sensitivity and rawness that are applied in this field on a day to day basis, ethics are given a priority. The leadership and management of this system according to Lawrence,(1993) have a responsibility of making sure that the principles and conducts of this field are correctly observed by all that are involved in various ranks. Transparency and accountability are stresses in the ethical aspect of management. The leaders or people who handle crime are obligated to share information and provide excellent approach

Final assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Final assessment - Essay Example All knowledge is based on perception. All categories of knowledge are processed knowledge whether conceptual, perceptual or sensory. Knowledge acquired without means of cognition is unprocessed knowledge. All concepts are formed by measurement omission process. This is according to the philosopher Rand in her Introduction to Objectivist Epistemology. Concepts are basically integration of units possessing the same distinguishing characteristics with certain measurements omitted. This is because measurements are an essential part of a process. Animals can be integrated into concepts such as living things. Ethics While in search for a good life, we have to distinguish between what is right or wrong and various rules of morality. Ethics is what enables us to achieve this. It defines the code of values that guide our choices and actions. The choices define the purpose and course of our life. Existence and non-existence pertains to living things only. The existence of inanimate matter is u nconditional while that of life is conditional because it depends on a certain course of action. Only living things face the issue of life and death. A person is free to think or else evade the effort in any issue of life or at any hour. Man’s mind is only the tool of survival because life is given to him and but survival is not. The body is given to him, but its sustenance is not, he is given the mind but not its content. He has to purpose his actions and know the nature before taking any action for him to remain alive. To implement his choice rational ethics guide him on the principle actions to take. If he decides not to live, nature obviously takes its course. He has to adhere to a moral code. According to the Philosophers Douglas Rasmussen and Douglas Den, every man must work for his rational self- interest for achievement of his own happiness as the highest moral purpose of his life. Reality Rand’s philosophy targets three axioms namely existence, consciousness a nd identity. Through reality, we develop a sense of belief. For instance, existence, consciousness, and identity are bases of knowledge and inescapable. Existence is the base of all forms of knowledge. Existence is identity of a specific nature made of certain attributes. Anything with no attributes does not exist. Mind never creates reality but it is a mean of discovering reality. Entities act in a manner caused by the nature of them. Primary observation of causal connections among entities serves as the basis of further knowledge. Freedom Freedom is an ingredient of a good life and very important thing on earth. A German philosopher Immanuel Kant supports this and argues that freedom is a prerequisite for moral responsibility. Many countries as well as individuals have fought for it. The possibility of moral judgments presupposes it. It serves an indispensable practical function. For a reason to act, the freedom has to be assumed. We have to think of our actions as the result of a n uncaused cause for us to accomplish ends and get to know the world better. We must think ourselves as being free. How we choose to act makes the difference in how we act. In making decisions on what to do, the mechanism that works in our nervous system makes no difference to us at all. For instance, if you decide to buy a house, you have to consider options, reflect on your needs and make decisions basing yourself on application of general principles. Deliberative,

Criminal Justice Management and Administration Research Paper

Criminal Justice Management and Administration - Research Paper Example The intention of this study is criminal justice management as the supervision and oversight of the system that is mandated to serve justice to criminal cases. The criminal justice system includes line officers, court officials, investigation officers, parole officials, investigators and administrators. In the administration, the criminal justice system is also designed in unique managerial positions. These positions range from a police chiefs to national intelligence bodies. It is structured in such a manner that information flow is facilitated to move freely and with a definite course of action. Through the flow various decisions are made at respective levels to facilitate a quick serving of justice and the avoidance of justice delayed-justice denied situation. This study is going to focus on the historical and theoretical development of ethical organizational management in the system, a summary of the most common functions and positions in various criminal justice organizations and then an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses in different methods of organizing criminal justice organizations. Management as whole is both diverse and multi-faceted. This is so because its principles apply from the corporate world to government is to the states criminal management justice system. Over the years, there has been a wide array of developments that have shaped the ethical management of the criminal justice system. This includes changes of approaches, perceptions and laws that the top brass have employed in making the criminal justice system one of the best in the country agrees. ... us on the historical and theoretical development of ethical organizational management in the system, a summary of the most common functions and positions in various criminal justice organizations and then an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses in different methods of organizing criminal justice organizations. Historical and Theoretical Development of Ethical Organizational Management Management as whole is both diverse and multi-faceted. This is so because its principles apply from the corporate world to government is to the states criminal management justice system. Over the years, there has been a wide array of developments that have shaped the ethical management of the criminal justice system. This includes changes of approaches, perceptions and laws that the top brass have employed in making the criminal justice system one of the best in the country as Lawrence, (1993) agrees. There have also been historical and theoretical developments in the ethics in the organizationâ⠂¬â„¢s management system which this section is going to focus on. Basically, the ethics in organization is the moral approach to the practices and conduct of all the people involved in that kind of business. This also is relevant in the criminal justice system where despite the levels of sensitivity and rawness that are applied in this field on a day to day basis, ethics are given a priority. The leadership and management of this system according to Lawrence,(1993) have a responsibility of making sure that the principles and conducts of this field are correctly observed by all that are involved in various ranks. Transparency and accountability are stresses in the ethical aspect of management. The leaders or people who handle crime are obligated to share information and provide excellent approach

Martin Luther King Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Martin Luther King - Essay Example The fundamental thing Luther addressed in his Theses was the sale of indulgences, something that posed a significant amount of theological problems. Indulgences were essentially a fundraising tool used by the Church in times of financial need, forgiving people for past (or in some cases future) minor sins in return for their coin. Religious leaders made it very clear that these only affected minor sins, and thus would shorten someone’s time in purgatory (a very painful realm between heaven and hell that people entered to purge them of their sins, according to Catholic thinking of the time) but not save them from serious sins that would put them in hell. Many people had a problem with the sale of indulgences, and they were widely unpopular in parts of Northern Europe among the laity. As Luther points out in his Theses, there are a wide array of theological problems with the sale of indulgences. One of the biggest problems that Luther had with indulgences is that they pervert th e worshiper’s relationship with god and with the church. ... use of money than giving money to the already overly rich Church, and that indulgences inhibited people from giving to those in need, which they saw as only possibly granting salvation, as opposed to giving money to the Church to buy indulgences, which would definitely grant them a reprieve from a particular sin. Essentially, Luther wants to address a wide array of problems caused by the sale of indulgences. The first thing he makes sure is that people know that they need to support those around them before spending money on indulgences, and that mercy towards those around them is more holy than helping the Church build a new basilica. This solves the problem of people neglecting charity in order to support the opulent church. Furthermore, Luther insists that people must financially care for themselves and their family before even thinking of buying indulgences. The fact that he includes this provision in his Theses seems to indicate that some people were neglecting their family and their wellbeing, possibly putting indulgences before essentials like food and housing in order to supposedly ensure a shorter time in purgatory. These two provisions are meant to address real-world, practical problems with the sale of indulgences that Luther seems to be facing on a day to day basis in his church. In addition to tackling these practical real world problems, Luther makes some significant challenges to classical Churchly authority in the field of theology. Probably his most inflammatory statement is that people are their own priests. In saying this, Luther, a priest himself, does not mean to underestimate the amazing benefit having a priest, with their specialized knowledge and training (and ability to perform sacraments), but rather to emphasize the personal relationship with

Comprehensive Problem Essay Example for Free

Comprehensive Problem Essay Dr. Harold Wolf of Medical Research Corporation (MRC) discovered a unique electronic stimulator that is said to have the capability of reducing the pain from arthritis. Even though the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) still has to approve the device, and the testing is in the early stages, the interest generated is powerful. Dr. Wolf has received three offers from interested parties and needs to decide which offer would make the most business sense. Offer One includes additional monetary incentives depending on the success of the device, Offer Two proposes a percentage of profits that would increase as sales are expected to increase and the final offer is the setup of a trust fund in an annuity over the next eight years. For discussion purposes here, each offer will be calculated to find the present value and then summarized; the offer with the highest present value will be identified for Dr. Wolf to review. Offer OneIn this offer, Dr. Wolf is expecting a future value of $4,200,000 in 15 years at a 10% interest rate, in which the probability of the expected future value is 70%. The numbers used in getting the future value is to add the present values of $1,000,000, $200,000, and $3,000,000. The present value for the first offer is $1,005,446.61 which is an increase of $3,194,553.40 for the future and since this calculation has a 70% probability of happening, the first offer would be a good decision. See the calculations below:FV=1,000,000 + 200,000 + 3,000,000 =$4,200,000N =15I =10%PV=$8,974,419.42Offer TwoIn this offer, 30% of the buyers gross profit on the product for the next four years is the incentive Dr. Wolf must decide on. Zbay Pharmaceuticals would be the buyer whose gross profit margin was 60%. If offer two were accepted by Dr. Wolf, his future value after just four years would have amassed approximately $3,138,300. This value assumes that he did not withdraw his profits and let the balance sit and gain 10% interest on the balance of the money and that sales grew by 40% in each of the subsequent years as anticipated by Zbay. Waiting till the fourth year to withdraw funds allowed the unused balance to compound interest payments. In general, this would be a good decision for the Dr. to accept, even considering the tax consequence that he would assume at the end of the four years. With the product not being approved by the FDA, Zbay Pharmaceutical has assumed all the risk which makes the offer even more lucrative. PV:2,000,000 the first year and 40% Growth each additionalFV: $5,488,000N: 4 yearsPV Profits: $360,000 year times 10%interest ($396,000)I: 10%FV Profits: $3,138,300Offer ThreeFor Offer three, Dr. Wolf may opt for a trust fund over the next eight years. Once that period was over, he would receive the proceeds discounted back to the present at 10%. At that time, he would receive semi-annual payments in the amount of $400,000 per year beginning immediately in an annuity due. This may be a worthwhile option to consider depending on the future business plan Dr. Wolf has. This would make the present value $1,721,216. The chart is shown below. Periods: 12 3 4 5 67 8$400,000 400,000 400,000 400,000 400,000 400,000 400,000 400,000Present Value (PV) = $1,721,216Highest Present Value and ReasoningPresent value is the value on a specific date of a payment or payments in the future that have been calculated to show the time value of money as well as other factors. These calculations are used industry wide as a method of the comparison of cash flows at different intervals over the life of the project. The basic present value formula is: PV=FV∙PVIF(r, n). The formula for an annuity is similar: PV=PMT∙PVIFA(r, n). In that case, n=number of periods, r=interest rate in the period, PV=present value at the beginning and FV=future value at time n. There are many financial arrangements that are set up with structured payment schedules and the term annuity is used to refer to that set up. A stream of cash flow that has a limited number of payments periodically that are to be received at given times is an annuity. If the payments were to be received indefinitely, then it would be perpetuity (Block, 2005). Based on this information, Offer I has the highest present value at $8,974,419.42At first glance, it is difficult to determine which offer might be the most beneficial offer for Dr. Wolf to choose. The first offer includes additional incentives relating to the success of the device, the second offer a percentage of profits also relating to the success of the device, while the third is an annuity in trust over the next eight years. Offer One has a present value of $8,974,419.42, Offer Two has a total present value of $2,524,713 and Offer Three has a total present value of $1,721,216. Given that Offer One of Dr. Wolf expecting a future value of $4,200,000 in 15 years at a 10% interest  rate, in which the probability of the expected future value is 70%, this would be the most advantageous offer for him to accept. References: Block, Stanley B., Hirt, Geoffrey A., Foundations of Financial Management (11th ed.),Irwin/McGraw-Hill, 2005, Burr Ridge, IL.

Virtual Banking :: essays research papers

TABLE OF CONTENTS 01.00............ EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 02.00............ TRENDS IN RETAIL BANKING 03.00............ ABOUT THE INTERNET 04.00............ VIRTUAL BANKING AND APPLICATIONS 04.01............ SMART CARDS 05.00............ EXAMPLES 06.00............ SECURITY ON THE INTERNET 06.01............ CRYPTOGRAPHY 06.02............ FIREWALLS 06.03............ TRUSTED OPERATING SYSTEMS 07.00............. REGULATIONS AND PROBLEMS 08.00............ CONCLUSION . 09.00†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. REFERENCES 01.00 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Internet is emerging as an efficient delivery channel for financial services. With Internet banking, customers do not need to have special bank-issued software. Banks maintain their identity and can differentiate themselves by customizing the services And information they provide over the Internet. 02.00 TRENDS IN RETAIL BANKING What does better customer mean? Increasingly, customers are demanding more convenient ways to do their banking. An Ernst and Young study (Technology in Banking Report) concluded that "nothing changes in the banking world if customers cannot get financial services when and where they wish...this means anywhere, at any time." Statistics show that ATM's, telephone banking, and home banking account for over fifty percent of all banking transactions today, and total non-branch activity is growing at fifteen percent a year. In one survey (Web-Tech, Inc., May 17, 1995), eighty-two percent of 18- to 34-year olds polled preferred banks with 24-hour service. Customers are also demanding a more sophisticated mix of products tailored specifically to their financial needs, and non-bank competitors are better fulfilling these needs. Banks today hold only 20% of household financial assets, versus 34% twenty years ago; they have 30% of business deposits, versus 42% only seven years ago. Nonbank credit card providers have gained inroads against banks, holding a 25% market share versus 5% in 1986 (WebTech, Inc., May 17, 1995). Internet banking offers an attractive solution to this redesigned products and services. Customers have 24-hour graphical-interface access to their accounts and appreciate that their bank is doing something to make banking easier for them. 03.00 ABOUT THE INTERNET The Internet has exploded in the last two years thanks to the invention of the so-called "browser." A browser is a point-and-click software program that allows "surfers" to navigate around the Internet without knowing any UNIX commands. The first browser was developed by the National Center for Supercomputing Applications, a government agency. With a browser and access to the Internet, you can order a pizza, listen to and purchase a CD, stroll through the Louvre, or view satellite photographs of Scotland. Although it may get congested from time to time, the Internet itself is extremely reliable. There is not actually any one network that is the Internet; it is made up of thousands of networks that connect to each other through common routes, and they all agree to carry each other's traffic. There is a lot of money flowing up from local

Biography of Aristotle Essays -- biography biographies

Aristotle was a Greek philosopher and scientist who lived from 384-322 B.C who was born in Stagira, Macedonia. His father played a major role in society as a physician in the royal court. Young Aristotle took a liking to Plato and decided to go to his academy at the age of seventeen. For the next twenty years, Aristotle remained there first as a student then as a teacher. After the death of Plato, Aristotle moved to Assos in the Asia Minor where he tutored his friend Hermias who was the ruler there and decided to marry his niece. After his death he then tutored Alexander the Great at the capital of Macedonia known as Pella. Later in his life, Aristotle decided to move back to Athens, Greece to open up his own school known as Lyceum. â€Å"Upon the death of Alexander in 323 B.C., strong anti-Macedonian feeling developed in Athens, and Aristotle retired to a family estate in Euboea (Évvoia). He died there the following year† (Brumbaugh, Robert S.). Before he had died, the A thenians charged Aristotle, like Socrates, with impiety that means a lack of reverence to the gods. He remembered the fate that Socrates once had where he was condemned to death. â€Å"He fled to the city of Chalcis so the Athenians would not, as he said, "sin twice against philosophy† (Soll, Ivan). Aristotle has written many works in his lifetime and has had many ideas. One of his many ideas was his idea of freedom. He had many opinions on the way one should live their life. â€Å"Aristotle argued that the goal of human beings is happiness and that we achieve happiness when we fulfill our function† (Soll, Ivan). What Aristotle means by this is that you have to figure out what makes you happy in life and do whatever it takes for one to reach that ultimate goal of happiness. In order to do this, we must figure out what our function is. â€Å"Thus, according to Aristotle, a happy life for human beings is a life governed by reason† (Soll, Ivan). A book that Aristotle wrote in 350 B.C. was called Nicomachean Ethics Book III that deals with his idea of freedom. The purpose of this book is to express his beliefs of the importance of human actions and how those actions could shape up their lives. What he also does is emphasis the difference between voluntary and involuntary actions. Involuntary actions are those that are presented in ignorance or under pressure. An act is under pressure only when i... ...s situation worse if the coach decided to punish the whole team by making them run extra and then his teammates would be disappointed with him. What people must do is realize that the choices they make in life will not only benefit themselves, but will affect those around him/her. One must be as responsible as they can possibly be in order to obtain total happiness, which is their ultimate goal in life according to Aristotle. I agree with Aristotle in his way of thinking because I feel one must make the right decision in life and be responsible with those decisions that they make. Aristotle learned a lot back in this time period when education was very hard to find and this is why he is considered one of the most famous and respected people in Greek history. Works Cited Aristotle. Nicomachean Ethics Book III. Editorial. Classics of Philosophy. Louis P. Pojman. 304. Oxford University Press, Inc. 1998. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016. Brumbaugh, Robert S. â€Å"Aristotle," Microsoft ® Encarta ® Online Encyclopedia 2003. http://encarta.msn.com  © 1997-2003 Microsoft Corporation. Soll, Ivan. "Aristotle," World Book Online Americas Edition,

Metaqualone

Methaqualone is sedative-hypnotic drug that is similar in effect to barbiturates, a general Central Nervous System depressant. This drug was mainly used in the 1960s and 1970s for the treatment of insomnia, and as a muscle relaxant. Methaqualone was first synthesized in India in 1951 by Lindra Kishore Kacker and Syed Hussain Zaheer. By 1965 it was the most commonly prescribed sedative in Britain. In 1972 it was the sixth bestselling sedative in the US, where it was legal under the brand name Quaalude. Methaqualone is a drug that helps the relief of tension, mental stress, and anxiety. Short Term Effects Short term effects include a reduction of mental activity, cardiac and respiratory depression, drowsiness, reduced heart rate, reduced respiration and increased sexual arousal. The abuse of this drug gives rise to a barbiturate-type dependence. Long Term Effects Liver damage can result from long term abuse of methaqualone or from ingestion of heavily adulterer methaqualone. The liver is responsible for metabolizing or processing drugs in the body, and impurities in the drug can cause irreversible damage to the organ. Methaqualone also affects muscle movement and coordination and can produce parethesia, a â€Å"pins and needles† sensation, commonly in the face and fingers. Large doses also cause a heightened pain threshold, and uncontrolled muscle twitching. Physically Addicting or Psychologically Addicting Methaqualone is highly addictive both physically and psychologically, and continuous moderate to heavy usage leads to tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal symptoms. Death Associated with Drug Coma and death can result from using methaqualone. Ingestion of more than 800 mg of methaqualone in an adult and 150 mg in a child is considered toxic. The average lethal oral dose is 8-20 grams (100-200 mg/kg) and coma can occur after ingestion of 2. 4 grams. Methaqualone can also cause coma or death at lower levels if it is taken with another CNS depressant such as alcohol. Slang/Street Names of Drug Common street names for methaqualone are: Quaalude, Lude, Quat, Quad, Mandex, and Sopors. How the Drug is Taken Methaqualone can be injected, and also taken orally. It is manufactured in tablets or capsules. Methaqualone can also be found in brown, gray or black tacky powder. An average dose of methaqualone is about 3 grams but it also depends on the persons body height, weight, and the use of any other drug. Within 4-8 hours of taking the drug the user may experience slurred speech. Affects on Fetal Development Methaqualone passes through the breast milk in lactating women. Animal studies have shown the drug to cause birth defects when used during pregnancy. References http://www. streetdrugs. org. [email  protected] org. Copyright Publishers Group, 1996. Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse. http://www. well. com/user/woa/fsseda. htm

Adapting adult language and interactions Essay

Explain how adapting adult language and interactions can support a child’s behaviour, emotional, social skills, as well as support their communication development The amount and style of adult talk can greatly influence the environment and how accessible it is to children with speech, language or communication needs. Giving children time to process and understand information, and to respond is crucial. By adapting their use of talk in the setting and in particular their level of language, adults can really enhance their learning development as well as supporting their communication skills. Adults can support this through a number of ways. These include: – Focus on what the child is looking at or doing – Follow their lead/ topic of conversation. Encourage children to talk about their own interests at appropriate times. By acknowledging all efforts at communication it shows that the child is valued. This will help build a positive relationship and support the child’s independence and self-confidence. – Get down to the child’s level – It’s easier to talk if you are face to face. Taking it in turns to communicate so that the adult and the child both get a turn talking, giving choices to increase vocabulary, e.g. apple or orange? Build up your child’s sentences by repeating what they say and adding words. If the child says a word inaccurately, acknowledge what they have said and repeat it back ‘once’ correctly. – Use of rhetorical/ open questions and expanding statements – Making sure you use lots of statements and fewer questions. Scaffolding techniques (whereby keywords and phrases are repeated) – Giving children and young people the time needed to respond and process information – Provide opportunities to communicate. – Work one-to-one or in small groups – Give opportunities that facilitate communication with their peers (since social skills and language are inherently deeply rooted). – Letting children work in pairs to encourage listening to each other. – Circle time can help develop listening skills and  better attention. – Use of shorter sentences. – Support what you say with visual cues, gestures, diagrams etc. – Listen and show interest with eye contact, body language etc. – Give positive feedback.

Implications Limitations And Recommendations Education Essay

Chapter 5This chapter focuses on deductions, restrictions of this research plus recommendations for those who intend to utilize and develop farther research in the hereafter.5.1 DeductionsBased on the research and accomplishment of e-learning, and the findings presented in the preceding parts, this chapter offers deductions including literature reappraisal on e-learning every bit good as Moodle ‘s natures in online authorship that have late investigated at some colleges/universities as STU, HCMCOU.5.1.1 Deductions of literature reappraisalEconomy development, societal alterations and technological procedure revolutionise instruction and acquisition in educational organisations. E-learning, the signifier of web-based instruction and acquisition, is built with a system of networked computing machines that includes the waiter and workstations. Server is a computing machine plan that provides specific services to client package running on other computing machines. Teachers will mak e class content that consists of needed accomplishments and cognition in the signifier of text, image, life, streaming picture, sound, etc. that can convey to pupils in distance acquisition via the Internet, intranet/extranet. In world, the person or organisations can easy set up a free online school ( e-school ) , since constructing the web substructure does non necessitate a high disbursal as building existent school and complicated accredited formalities are non required, while pupils have non to pay a travel fee, save clip to travel to school for analyzing.5.1.2 Deductions of research findingsThe findings of this survey revealed assorted deductions of on-line instruction and online composing instruction and the web site.5.1.2.1 Deductions of on-line instructionMost of the picks about scenes of web site and class in during installation and configuring Moodle will impact the user experience. After holding been making the classs and classs, and choosing blocks to utilize, participa nts create a model for their site. Then they ‘re ready to make full their classs with larning stuff. Moodle ‘s classs contain anything that can look on the World Wide Web ( texts, images, sound, picture, games, etc. ) . Based on the relationship between participants, Moodle ‘s content is classified into â€Å" inactive class stuff † , â€Å" synergistic class stuff † and â€Å" societal class stuff † ( Rice, W. , 2010 ) . In Moodle, inactive class stuffs consist of resources that the pupil reads, but does n't interact with. They are added from the Add a resource†¦ drop-down bill of fare. Using this bill of fare, pupils can make text pages, web pages, links to anything on the Web, the class ‘s directories of files, a label screening any text or image, multimedia files utilizing sound, images and movie. Synergistic class stuffs are activities, which help pupils to pass on with spouses, teachers or the acquisition system, include Assignments, Lesson, Quizzes, SCORM/AICC, Survey, Choices, etc. They are created by snaping â€Å" turning the redaction on † , so â€Å" Add an activity†¦ † . SCORM ( Sharable Content Object Reference Model ) is a bundle of elaborate descriptions that permit handiness, reusability and interoperability of larning objects. Social class stuffs are 1s in which student-to-student or student-to-teacher interaction exists. They include Chat, Glossary, Wiki, Workshop, etc. that is chosen from the â€Å" Add an activity†¦ † bill of fare with the button â€Å" turning the redaction † on. Owing to voluminous signifiers, attractive visual aspect, manageable activities, bidirectional exchange and collaborative acquisition, Moodle has become a powerful tool which helps participants better and develop composing accomplishment beautifully and variedly. Therefore, in schools, Moodle is supported and recommended for usage to raise preparation quality. However, e-learning system with Moodle non implemented over a big country, and merely installed in outstanding universities or high quality centres due to expensive cost of proficient substructure and a deficiency of clever experts of information engineering. Furthermore, e-learning preparation classs in foreign linguistic communications sections are restricted in the sum of clip every bit good as course of study stuffs are excessively hard for participants to use and use in on-line composing instruction and acquisition. Their computer-literacy is non plenty high to cover with jobs and troubleshoot mistakes in a computing machi ne system.5.1.2.2 Deductions of online authorshipSince the Moodle ‘s characteristics satisfy status and construction of learning and larning activities based on educational theory, it is an ideal platform for larning direction system. Through on-line activities, pupils normally enjoy executing authorship activities. They non merely experience comfy and easy to add images, sound, picture, and a game component every bit good as to modify the colour, the font face, font size and layout of the text but besides diversify on-line authorship activities from simple to complex. Sing the angle of a text unit, they can carry on undertakings bit-by-bit from taking appropriate word degree, composing accurate sentence, doing paragraphs, and eventually, building whole text. When clever at authorship, pupils have adequate cognition and accomplishments to build and post the Hagiographas on the Internet so that other people can entree to and portion them. Producing texts at word degree implies much significance: ( 1 ) How to utilize words right, efficaciously, and imaginatively ; ( 2 ) How to separate sets of normally baffled words ; ( 3 ) How to associate words to definitions and illustrations, etc. All of undertakings help us to show what we think. In the web site, classs introduced some typical vocabulary pattern as a crossword, a fill-gap and duplicate words. In add-on, some other points are added to help pupils to finish their accomplishments. There are several agencies to bring forth texts at sentence degree. Student can pattern typical exercisings as swinging buildings and parallel construction. Teachers can make talks by utilizing the Quizzes faculty to show peculiar grammar point in an interesting manner. The texts are connected with images and pictures and sounds from web sites. Students can have enlightening feedback on attempts to consequently do them happier and better their acquisition. From responses of pupils, the instructor can wholly better the feedback and appropriately alter the inquiries. Through this, they can raise pupils ‘ consciousness of how certain types of the sentences are structured. Producing paragraphs and whole texts incorporates many procedures. Here, we emphasize the procedure of roll uping, sharing and developing thoughts, so be aftering, outlining, proofreading and revising texts. Writing can be organized in single activities or in a little group activity or a whole category activity. Feedback on authorship can be immediate ( as in Activities 1 and 2 ) or delayed ( as in Activities 4 to 12 ) . One of the attractive characteristics of Moodle is that it enables composing to be enhanced by images and striking layouts. After garnering informations, pupils will spread out, explore and form a set of thoughts for authorship by excess faculty as mindmap. The add-on faculty, Mindmap is a utile tool to portion and develop and brainstorm composing assignments. It is related to other activities as Journal, Assignment, Wiki to do composing originative. Personal profile is a Moodle ‘s faculty that helps pupils prosecute in composing personal profiles in production activities. After happening out the personal profiles of equals, they can notice on these personally in schoolroom, or could post the remark on a Moodle web page for a comment. Students ‘ authorship is showcased on Moodle site by making a Moodle Blog or put ining the add-on OUblog to let other pupils to notice on the web logs. If utilizing the Book faculty, pupils can non redact pages and instructors has to look into and import this composing into Book before it exists. In other options of learning composing an essay, the instructor finds a subject that is appropriate to the category and illustrates it in an highly attractive manner. The Glossary faculty allows pupils to show the collected information. After composing about the subject, pupils will add images to do the entry luring. Then, the instructor grades the pupils ‘ work. The concluding result is the signifier of a mini encyclopaedia that gives the information about subjects. The Chat faculty supplying models for pupils to rephrase what they ‘re stating to acquire their significance through authorship. The Assignment faculty to supply a stimulation, motivate pupils and to supply a more realistic background and do up a authorship undertaking. It allows pupils to take portion in procedure authorship in which they can subject a bill of exchange, acquire feedback, re-submit other bill of exchanges and acquire better feedback. To actuate pupils and provoke their response, the instructor normally use the images of existent life or a set of exposure of an event involved. A series of aggregation of copyright-free images can be searched for on the web, or private exposures are selected to function for composing. The Forum faculty is a topographic point where all pupils can add their slideshows by uploading exposures and captions and participants can read and notice on other pupils ‘ slideshows. The Wiki faculty helps pupils collaborate on a authorship undertaking and utilize different an d separate efforts to lend to the same undertaking. Alternatively, with the characteristics of Wiki, merely group members can see and modify its web pages involved.5.1.2.3 Deductions of the web siteOn-line instruction is extremely assessed by participants in the fact that â€Å" Modular Layout † is sensible and scientific, â€Å" Interface † is attractive, user-friendly and intuitive, â€Å" Management † of registration, clip, activity, and class is rigorous in exactitude but flexible in extent, â€Å" Appraisal Schemes † is broad in scope, varied in type, â€Å" Concerted Learning † is conducted in student-to-student and student-to-teacher interaction. However, the ratio of understanding of instructors is instead higher than the ratio of understanding of pupils. In instructors ‘ and pupils ‘ sentiments, online authorship classs are performed in the process-based attack and genre-based procedure, elements labelled by ( 1 ) and ( 2 ) are selected much more than others. In the teacher-to-student ratio of choice, the former is instead higher than the latter. The web site received the positive response from the respondents. Almost sentiments assumed that classs are enlightening and comprehensive. In footings of interaction, class stuffs allow participants to see, to read and mention to and class activities enable participants to interact with the spouses, the acquisition system, or others. In footings of authorship activities, class stuffs are recognized from composing order and text construction and learning activities encourage to show personal sentiments. The figure of instructors chooses picks labelled by ( 1 ) and ( 2 ) is instead higher than the figure of pupils.5.2 RestrictionsMoodle becomes Learning Management System popular and widespread and is indispensable larning environment in the educational system. Its activities are ever enhanced and promoted. However, this does non intend that Moodle has non its restrictions. From this research plus some other bing research, restrictions can be recognized.5.2.1 Restrictions of the litera ture reappraisalGenerating from critical literature reappraisal, e-learning restrictions can be considered in the corner of engineerings, methodological analysis, personal psychological science issues and other issues. With the statement in this portion, the things agree with e-learning besides accords with Moodle.Technologies:Necessary hardware and other ICT resources are core elements required for e-learning execution in schools and establishments. In order to hold entree to the Internet for online acquisition, authorities organisation and non-government organisation spent a big sum of money to purchase desktop, laptop computing machines, pressmans and ICT hardware for colleges, universities and bureaus that implemented e-learning. Persons that have demands of online acquisition can purchase or lease necessary computing machine equipment so as to larn. E-learners have entree to the Internet without clip limitation but the outstanding benefits are non executable for some people populating in farther and distant countries due to a deficiency of services for accessing the Internet. High-speed bandwidth is easy accessed in the cardinal universities while it has problem with the other schools with hapless Internet backgrounds. Uys ( 2003 ) stated that limited telecommunication substructure and installations are impeding the e-learning procedure. The limited Internet coverage can be hinderances to all educational constitutions nationwide that are able to near information services, digital educational information, and on-line preparation engineering. Technological barriers can severely impact Internet application as equipment failed, malfunctioned, or asynchronous, clip to larn a new engineering and trouble to schedule schoolrooms with engineering. Limited bandwidth due to a slow ADSL connexion and hapless transportation rate of a communications web may impede the acquisition procedure as the downloading of multimedia stuffs, sometimes interrupted or students'answers for their teacher during an on-line treatment session. In educational activities, picture conferencing as synergistic telecommunication engineerings which allow two or more pupils to pass on with bipartisan picture and audio transmittals at the same time. It might non be executable for scholars who use the slow DSL connexion from their places. Broadband service is overloaded and limited to certain locations where there are higher population denseness sharing Internet capacity. Consequently, it is easy recognized that most of the e-learning classs are merely text-based as the Internet bandwidth is limited.Personal psychological science issues:Newcomers get accustomed to believing that e-learning environment is the same as traditional acquisition environment. To derive effectual work, they need to psychologically fix for the online composing environment. Therefore, to hold accurate orientation and to avoid proceeding by test and mistake, they need enlightening direction from on-line classs every bit good as website Godheads. Besides, Dearnley ( 2003 ) stated that fledglings to untraditional acquisition may acquire lost because they do non cognize what to make as there is no elaborate counsel from the instructor. E-learning is the merchandise of the high engineering that requires e-learners to hold on new accomplishments and command associated with it. New e-learning pupil feel puzzled as exposing to the unconventional e-learning environment and separation from others. In add-on, the deficiency of ICT accomplishments is one of the obstructions in e-learning preparation that adheres to new procedure and use connected with the engineering. As a consequence, deriving new engineerings is a complication to the novice in e-learning. E-learning is a learning activity that requires several self-denials and independency. It encourages the independent and comfy manner of acquisition, but the scholars ‘ self-motivation and self-denial are the finding factors in keeping and finishing analyzing. Schott et Al. ( 2003 ) asserted that the e-learning success rate was really dependent on pupils ‘ abilities to be autonomous and internally motivated. Naturally, e-learning pupils have a higher dropout rate than their conventional opposite numbers ( Abouchedid & A ; Eid, 2004 ) . E-learners need extra encouragement and support, to counterbalance for the isolation ; motive is the key for them to successfully finish the class ( Lessons from the e-learning, 2002 ) .Specifications of on-line class:Harmonizing to a new attack to learner-centered instructional design, pupils can command and set their coursework. In an e-learning environment, scholars need to pull off their acquisition and schedule their assignments ( Gran t & A ; Spencer, 2003 ) . This is instead different from the traditional acquisition environment where scholars need to go to some classs in physical schoolrooms, and they need to make their assignments or take scrutinies within a certain clip frame ( Miller & A ; Corley, 2001 ) . As a consequence, e-learning scholars may take a longer clip to graduate, as compared to traditional pupils who need to finish their surveies within a clip frame ( Choy, 2002 ) .Requirement of online authorship accomplishmentWriting accomplishment is one of the indispensable accomplishments in e-learning environment and traditional environment. Learners with weak composing accomplishments can be at a obstruction to an e-learning environment ( Smith & A ; Rupp, 2004 ) . In on-line acquisition, it is a text-based environment that scholars need to frequently communicate in. Consequently, that exists on many defects in composing accomplishments severely impact on the acquisition procedure and ability to show p upils ‘ idea.MethodologyAnother restriction in e-learning is the deficiency of existent communicating. Schott et Al. ( 2003 ) expressed that the deficiency of physical interactions made e-learning pupils feel stray and discerning. In an online environment, it is excessively hard for pupils to have advice, when compared to face-to-face schoolroom. In unrecorded schoolrooms, interacting with the teachers or equals for information, scholars are cognizant of the job easy and larn more quickly. Body position, gestures, facial looks, and oculus motions do non be in e-learning. An illustration is when a pupil stated that he missed â€Å" facial and manus gestures † , from which of import cues can be derived ( Meyer,2003 ) . The deficiency of lively interactions will exclude pupils ‘ observation and can suppress their feelings and emotions, may forestall teachers from giving their feedbacks on pupil ‘s demands and consequently lead to restrictions of the acquisition procedure. E-learning non merely lacks physical interaction but besides blamed for non holding installations like traditional environment: internship, voluntary chances, entree to physical library, book shops, calling and development guidance ( McCraken, 2004 ) . Some acquisition establishments tried to supply these installations but they were excessively limited ( McCraken, 2004 ) . McCraken farther pointed out jobs such as budget, compatibility of package, and college policies, that hindered the development of incorporate back uping systems. In fact, pupils need to execute a batch of life world observations in nature every bit good as in society so as to develop their accomplishments and cognition, and this may be difficult to recognize through e-learning simulations. A set of method is based on engineerings and are developing and changing quickly along with e-learning. Traveling into e-learning is hard for teachers who are already familiar with the traditional instruction environment ( Angelina, 2002a, p.12 ; Strauss, 2003 ; Kearsley, 2000 ; Wang, 2003 ) . Strauss ( 2003 ) said that passage into e-learning is instead hard as it involves transition of physical instruction stuffs into e-learning stuffs and this takes clip to finish. Many teachers are non exposed to the necessary package, and do non desire to alter their instruction manners ( Levy, 2003 ) . In an online schoolroom, teachers are besides required holding many pedagogical accomplishments to pass on, usher and buttocks efficaciously. As a consequence, teachers need e-learning preparation before transitioning ( Levy, 2003 ; Strauss, 2003 ; Pachnowski, 2003 ) . A manner of learning in an online schoolroom is peculiar and different from a general manner of a traditional schoolroom. Due to underestimating e-learning, some teachers might compare it with face-to-face acquisition environments. All these complicates teachers ‘ passage towards e-learning.Interface designBad design of the e-course is a major affair for scholars and e-learning suppliers. It make users a stressed province and non good treated feeling ( Ivergard & A ; Hunt, 2005 ) . They farther mentioned this makes users to experience disgruntled and eventually give up larning. E-course design should be adapted for the demands of the scholars: it should be easy to utilize and pupils should hold easy entree to direction and information ( Howell, Williams & A ; Lindsay 2003 ; James-Gordon, Young & A ; Bal, 2003 ) . Svensson ( 2004 ) said that it is non easy to plan the e-learning e-course, as it should non be limited to merely content and should include other constituents to heighten acquisition. In brief, the hapless serviceability of the on-line class will forestall the scholar ‘s ability to get c ognition ( Smulders, 2003 ) . Since e-learning is normally designed fundamentally for practical cognition and apprehension of the ICT, it may be excessively proficient for ICT novitiates ( James-Gordon, Young & A ; Bal, 2003 ) . Therefore, to continue popularity and easy serviceability, e-course is redesigned for scholars from all backgrounds and categories to successfully entree and efficaciously usage. Although there are many e-courses available in the market, Sambrook ( 2003 ) mentioned that it is non easy for scholars to take a suited courseware that comes with relevant content and equal degrees. Before making or building an on-line class, the trainers and teachers need to see and measure package applications every bit good as the quality of the preparation stuffs and course of study. The rightness of the courseware may increase the scholar ‘s satisfaction ( Grooms, 2003 ) . Therefore, it is hard how to accommodate the quality of package execution and preparation class to reenforce cognition and accomplishment.Other issuesAlthough e-learning provides limitless entree anytime and anyplace, this may non be favorable to some persons. Dringus ( 2003 ) explained that scholars can post any inquiries in the forum or direct electronic mails whenever they are free ( even during weekends ) . This neverending acquisition and learning procedure will easy emphasize both the scholars and particularly the teachers ( Newton, 2003 ) . It is besides more time-consuming to steer on-line pupils, delegate a undertaking and give pupils a feedback on their Hagiographas. These e-learning teachers have heavy work loads and this may sabotage their public presentation and even cut down their opportunities to turn with the environment ( Dringus, 2003 ) . This will impact their work in learning or assist pupils, hence scholars may merely acquire an unacceptable scope of services. It is instead difficult to obtain academic honestness and justness in footings of on-line appraisal. because the e-learner can portion the username and the watchword with others during unsupervised online trials. Patalong ( 2003 ) provided another good illustration of rip offing when pupils shared or â€Å" cooperated † during an on-line scrutiny in Coventry University, United Kingdom. Submiting the online assignments, e-learners can be dishonest because they may trust on a spouse for aid to make the assignment. Schott et Al. ( 2003 ) referred to all these jobs as â€Å" digital cheating † , when scholars â€Å" utilised † computing machine engineering for rip offing or plagiarism. Many unlicensed schools have organized e-learning classs. Consequently, a figure of companies and bureaus do non acknowledge online grades and acknowledgment of e-learning classs is presently certain restriction. Therefore, achieving a making with accreditation position from e-learning is normally a job for pupils ( Collins, Buhalis & A ; Peters, 2003 ) . It is normal to admit that there be some on-line instruction institutes even selling grades for a certain sum of tuition fees and without any type of appraisal ( Khoo & A ; Azizan, 2004 ) . Due to the characteristic and map of e-learning, it must be examined further carefully and thoroughly scrutiny for accreditation and acknowledgment. Similarly, Eaton pointed out that accreditation is hard for distance acquisition establishments, as there are issues in the rating of instruction quality and the appraisal of the effectivity of the distance acquisition model ( Baker, 2003 ) . Taking portion in online acquisition, scholars from all over the universe will confront the troubles because of difference in clip zones. It is instead difficult for the teacher to schedule an on-line category to run into and fulfill the demands of different pupils from different clip zones. It is apparent to place that in an on-line class, pupils barely stipulate a clip period for group treatment due to the different clip zones in some subdivisions. Despite e-learning ‘s current popularity, does it hold any restrictions? Evan & A ; Hasse ( 2001 ) found out that scholars are reasonably missing in computing machine proficiency and, since e-learning is centered around computing machine engineerings, it is a barrier to those scholars without good computing machine accomplishments. In add-on, surveies of Evan & A ; Hasse ( 2001 ) , O'Regan ( 2003 ) and Rovai & A ; Jordan ( 2004 ) found out that scholars face limited physical interactions among themselves in e-learning.5.2.2. Restrictions of the web siteDue to the chief limitations on allocated clip and e-learning ‘s substructure, the empirical survey and its the consequences have the restrictions cited as follows. The empirical research is conducted on Moodle for 2nd linguistic communication learning with authorship activities. Therefore, it has yet non clarified the mutual relationship with other accomplishments that well contribute to success of on-line authorship. The survey was limited to merely two features – Moodle ‘s characteristics and procedure and genre-oriented authorship direction in the foreign linguistic communication section of schools. Simultaneous, the appraisal of the web site is based on these two cues. Therefore, the other issues as subjects on Moodle, excess plans, SCORM bundle, etc. are neglected. The information collected about respondents focused chiefly on students/teachers. Therefore, the probe does non execute on employees in vocational administrations and concern endeavors that are of import takers to pull general decisions of the installing and application of Moodle in the cognition economic system. Students ‘ on-line academic degree and instructors ‘ distant preparation criterion are still limited due to inadequate preparation course of study and a deficiency of ICT resources in institutes. Therefore, the consequences of research into on-line composing instruction will take to certain restraints on application of Moodle. Survey research and schoolroom state of affairs observation are chief research methods used in the thesis. The other research methods as instropection research, correlational research and experimental research are glanced up rapidly merely to back up some diminutive inside informations in research inquiries. Therefore, deep illations from an explorative probe are scarce to pull from.5.3 RecommendationsThe recommendations are drawn from the literature reappraisal and findings of the online composing study consequences achieved in this research are put frontward.5.3.1 Recommendation for farther research into Moodle ‘s systemThe followers is recommendations for farther research in the hereafter on the application and usage of the Moodle package in online composing instruction. In authorship, the subjects can be normally assigned for pupils and sometimes pupils can besides choose a subject on their ain and have a opportunity to transcribe anything they are cognizant of and cognize really good. Subjects are typical topics of developing paragraphs and essays and can be modified to suit about any sort of composing assignment. Teachers can farther mention to subjects through the web site reference or the book about authorship. Owing to restraints on clip and finance, the writer merely utilize the nucleus faculties and some add-on faculties to implement activities on Moodle. To similar surveies in the hereafter, it is suggested that research workers should use or develop authoring packages or bespoke package plans appropriately redesigned to their pupils. For illustration, an excess plan that helps pupils develop and form a set of thoughts to set up semantic maps for composing. This plan is intended to reenforce Moodle ‘s modular layout and attraction in online composing instruction by implanting sound, picture, and hyperlinks in it. In add-on to utilizing Moodle ‘s techniques in class activities, the writer besides suggests a farther survey of the interoperable theoretical account between on-line composing instruction and traditional authorship learning so as to make links harmonious and inheritable between regular method and technology-based method every bit good as between process-based composing direction and modular object-oriented authorship instruction. An experimental research is conducted among schools and concern endeavors in Vietnam by utilizing the same methodological analysis and measurement instrument to pull comparative decisions and to light positions on Moodle ‘s characteristics and activities It has been suggested that newest version of Moodle will be used because it integrates with connectivist, the emerging theory of larning for the digital bringing to explicate the technological impact on life doctrine: unrecorded, love and larn. A research is conducted to find whether Moodle ‘s resources, activities other characteristics, etc. are conditions necessary and sufficient for on-line activities in general and on-line authorship in peculiar. A farther study research is conducted to develop a package to make packaged on-line talks for usage in a distributed instruction environment, based on developing direction system as criterion of IMS Global Learning Consortium ( IMS GLC ) and Advanced Distributed Learning ( ADL )5.3.2 Recommendations for development research into e-learning in the hereafterDue to agencies and the topic of acquisition, the undermentioned recommendations for possible future research of e-learning are as follows:Mobile engineerings:Because of technological development and scholars who are without substructure or individuals whose occupations require them to continuously travel. Therefore, larning activities need to be transferred through nomadic engineerings as nomadic phones, PDAs ( personal digital helpers ) , digital pen and paper, etc.Simulations in e-learning procedure:Simulation engineering is used to analyse the possible result of a given state of affairs based on one or more known variables. The purpose of the simulation is to minimise an unwanted result, but to increase the opportunities for success. So, simulations may heighten talks, presentations, existent universe pattern, immersive environment and experiential acquisition.Learning personalizationOwing to the diverseness in individualised learning population, the diverseness in the entree media and modes, and diverseness in the context of usage of such engineerings. The most popular LMS like Moodle still does non back up larning personalization. Therefore, Researchers need to bridge the spread between the universes of Learning Management Systems ( LMSs ) and Adaptive Learning Environments ( ALEs ) . So, they map personalization functionality on different faculties of LMSs. Similarly, research workers of ALEs integrate their ALE within bing LMSs.Open beginning e-learning toolsFrom demands of extended developer communities and a certain e-learning package for instruction, unfastened beginning package applications are not iced due to be nest eggs, stableness, public presentation and entree to code. Users in the close hereafter will hold entree to outdo unfastened beginning package that should be built on unfastened criterions for the populace to analyze, alteration, better and administer the package in an collaborative mode.Standards developmentStandards development is aimed at linking involvement and concern of different groups in distributed acquisition community. It is conducted through the combination between current engineerings and public executions. The impression is to set up a mention theoretical account for the foundation of effectual Internet-based acquisition. These criterions are considered as the guidelines for the Godhead to plan, develop, and implement the acquisition content.